Hemorrhoidectomy is a medical operation to reduce internal hemorrhoids of third degree and fourth degree, when other methods fail to treat them, in other words, the pain, itching, swelling and bleeding persists. In some cases hemorrhoidectomy is also advised for external hemorrhoids, which have been failed to be treated with the correct method.
Hemorrhoidectomy is a fairly simple operation and can be performed under local, spinal or general anesthesia. According to the patients' condition, the extent of the operation and the patients' preference, the surgeons will choose the best type of anesthesia for the operation. Local anesthesia is a numbing agent which is injected directly into the immediate area; spinal anesthesia will anesthetize the patient from the pelvis down and general anesthesia will render the patient into unconsciousness.
Usually tests are taken before the surgery is carried out, depending on the patients physical health these test can include an x-ray of the chest, urine and blood samples and aspirin to thin the blood. In most cases the doctor will suggest that the patient refrains from eating or drinking from the night before the operation to prevent the possibility of vomiting during or after the surgery is carried out.
The process for this surgery is a very simple one and when all the necessary preparations have been made the surgery will last from one hour to one hour and a half. The individual is placed face down on the operating table with the buttocks slightly lifted and the legs placed in stirrups, this way the anus and rectum are exposed. Once the anesthesia has taken effect the hemorrhoid will be tied to prevent it from bleeding and finally removed.
Once the surgery has finished the patient will be put into recovery until the anesthesia subsides and the patient can urinate, this is to make sure that swelling in the tissues does not appear and cause the inability to urinate. If the patient has recovered, he or she can go home the same day, in other words, as an outpatient. On rare occasions, if there are any complications with the surgery, the patient will have to stay under observation.
Pain and bleeding after the surgical treatment is to be expected and because of this the doctor is likely to suggest the patient with some medicine. It is also normal to bleed when moving bowels, particularly directly after the surgery and it is usually recommended to take some numbing medicine before trying to move bowels. Taking antibiotics after the operation will stop any infections that might occur.
It is highly recommended by doctors to take special care post surgery to prevent any unnecessary pain and discomfort. Trying to soften stools by consuming a high fiber diet will ease strain when moving stools, taking stool softeners is also highly recommended. Taking baths in warm water will help loosen up muscles and ease pain as well.
Just like any type of surgery there can be risks and problems in both early and late stages. In early stages after the surgery the problems can include constipation, hematoma (accumulation of blood in the surgical area) incontinence, infection and bleeding. In later stages after surgery problems are rectal prolapse, a narrowing of the anal canal and the reappearance of hemorrhoids. If these symptoms appear, it is best to seek medical advice as soon as possible.
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